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Title
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3D Model of Sumberawan Temple (Candi Sumberawan)
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Description
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Candi Sumberawan is an ancient Buddhist monument located in Toyomarto village within the Singosari district of Malang Regency, East Java. Nestled in a lush pine forest at the foothills of Mount Arjuno, the site is situated at an elevation of about 650 meters above sea level. It sits adjacent to a natural, crystal-clear water spring—which gives the site its name, as "sumber" translates to spring or source in Javanese—creating a highly tranquil and picturesque environment. Historically, the site is believed to date back to the late 14th century, bridging the late Singhasari and Majapahit periods. It is widely identified with "Kasurangganan," a sacred place mentioned in the famous old Javanese eulogy, the *Nagarakretagama*. According to the text, the site was renowned as "the garden of the heavenly nymphs" and was specifically visited by King Hayam Wuruk of the Majapahit Empire in 1359 during his royal tour across East Java. Architecturally, Candi Sumberawan stands out as a unique anomaly among East Javanese antiquities, as it is the only known temple in the region built entirely in the shape of a Buddhist stupa. Constructed from andesite stone, the monument features a plain square base that transitions into an octagonal midsection, which then supports a smooth, bell-shaped dome (*anda*). The very top pinnacle of the stupa is missing, having likely eroded or fallen over time. Notably, the structure lacks the stairs, entrance portals, or inner chambers typically found in other Javanese *candi*, indicating a purely symbolic external structure. Because it possesses no inner room for statues or offerings, the monument was not designed for interior worship. Instead, it was likely utilized for the Buddhist ritual of *pradakshina*, where devotees would walk clockwise around the structure in moving meditation. Combined with its proximity to the life-giving spring, Candi Sumberawan served as a vital sanctuary for asceticism, purification rituals, and the veneration of water, maintaining its aura of spiritual serenity to this day.
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Type
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3D Model
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Publisher
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Universitas Brawijaya
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Creator
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Department of Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya
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Contributor
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Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah XI (Center for Cultural Preservation Region XI)
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Date Created
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1359
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Format
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GLTF (*.glb)
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Spatial Coverage
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Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Singosari, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Rights
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CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Identifier
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UB004
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Subject
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Buddhist stupa (candi); Singhasari-Majapahit period
