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Title
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3D Model of Singhasari Temple (Candi Singosari)
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Description
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Candi Singosari (or Singhasari Temple) is a 13th-century monument blending Hindu and Buddhist traditions located in Candirenggo village in the Malang Regency of East Java. It sits in a valley at 512 meters above sea level, facing Mount Arjuno, and is believed to mark the historic heart of the ancient Singhasari Kingdom. The temple was built as a memorial shrine (pendharmaan) for King Kertanagara, the last monarch of the Singhasari empire, who died at the hands of Jayakatwang in 1292. Documented in the Nagarakretagama manuscript and a 1351 inscription found on-site, the monument honors the king by seamlessly merging his devoted Shaivite and Buddhist beliefs. Made of andesite stone, the temple's architecture breaks from traditional Javanese designs. Its main chambers and statues are built into the foundation (kaki candi) rather than the central body. The middle section remains intentionally empty to represent Parama Sunya, or the ultimate void in Buddhist philosophy. Additionally, the plain, uncarved Kala heads over the lower doors suggest the structure was never fully completed. The site is also famous for its impressive stone sculptures. The base once held beautifully detailed figures of Shiva (as Agastya), Durga, and Ganesha—the latter having been taken to Thailand in 1896 by King Chulalongkorn. Nearby, two massive stone guardians, known as Dvarapalas, stand watch, having originally been carved to protect the royal tombs and the entrance to Kertanagara's palace. 3D model constructed by drone + handheld photogrammetry.
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Type
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3D Model
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Publisher
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Universitas Brawijaya
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Creator
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Department of Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya
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Contributor
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Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah XI (Center for Cultural Preservation Region XI)
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Date Created
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13th Century
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Format
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GLTF (*.glb)
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Language
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Old Javanese (Kawi script)
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Spatial Coverage
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Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Singosari, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Rights
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CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Identifier
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UB003
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Subject
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Hindu-Buddhist temple (candi); Singhasari Kingdom
